Bitter

Definition

Bitter is an adjective and a noun. As an adjective, it describes a sharp, pungent taste or a feeling of resentment or sadness. As a noun, it refers to a type of beer that is strongly flavored with hops or to substances with a sharp taste used in cooking or beverages.

Parts of Speech

• Adjective
• Noun

Pronunciation

American English

• IPA Pronunciation: /ˈbɪtər/
• Respelling: BIH-tur

British English

• IPA Pronunciation: /ˈbɪtə/
• Respelling: BIH-tuh

The pronunciation of "bitter" is similar in both American and British English, with slight differences in the final syllable.

Etymology

The word "bitter" originates from Old English "biter," meaning "sharp, cutting, or having a harsh taste," and is related to Proto-Germanic "*bitraz." The term has also been used figuratively to describe feelings of resentment or intensity.

Derivatives

• Bitterness (noun)
• Bitterly (adverb)
• Bittering (adjective)
• Bitterroot (noun)
• Unbittered (adjective)

Synonyms

• Acrid
• Harsh
• Resentful

Antonyms

• Sweet
• Mellow
• Joyful

Usage

The term "bitter" is commonly used to describe taste, as in "The coffee had a bitter flavor." It is also used figuratively to describe feelings of resentment, as in "He felt a bitter disappointment."

Related Terms

• Harsh: Having an unpleasant or strong quality.
• Astringent: Sharp or bitter in taste or smell, often causing a dry feeling.
• Tart: A sharp, acidic taste.

Detailed Definitions

Adjective

• Having a sharp or pungent taste: Describes a flavor that is strong, typically associated with certain foods or drinks.
  • Example: "The grapefruit had a bitter aftertaste."
• Expressing intense animosity or resentment: Used to describe feelings of anger or deep unhappiness.
  • Example: "He spoke in a bitter tone after the argument."
• Intense or harsh in effect: Used to describe severe or challenging conditions, especially weather.
  • Example: "They endured a bitter winter storm."

Noun

• A type of strongly flavored beer: Common in the UK, often made with hops that impart a sharp taste.
  • Example: "He ordered a pint of bitter at the pub."
• A substance with a sharp taste used in drinks or cooking: Used to add a distinct flavor in recipes or cocktails.
  • Example: "A dash of bitters was added to the cocktail for flavor."