Civilization

Definition

Civilization refers to the advanced stage of human social and cultural development characterized by organized government, agriculture, science, industry, and urbanization. It also denotes a society or culture that has reached a high level of organization and achievement.

Parts of Speech

• Noun (the stage of human social development or a society with complex structures)

Pronunciation

American English

• IPA Pronunciation: /ˌsɪvələˈzeɪʃən/
• Respelling: SIV-uh-luh-ZAY-shuhn

British English

• IPA Pronunciation: /ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
• Respelling: SIV-il-eye-ZAY-shuhn

Etymology

The word "civilization" originates from the Latin term "civilis," meaning "relating to a citizen," and "civitas," which means "city or state." The concept was introduced in the mid-18th century during the Enlightenment to describe societies that were considered advanced in comparison to "primitive" cultures.

Derivatives

• Civilize (verb)
• Civilized (adjective)
• Civilizing (adjective)
• Decivilization (noun)
• Civilizational (adjective)

Synonyms

• Society
• Culture
• Nation

Antonyms

• Barbarism
• Savagery
• Primitivism

Usage

The term "civilization" is commonly used to describe advanced societies throughout history, such as ancient civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece. It is also used to reflect the development of human culture, as in "The development of writing systems marked a significant leap in the progress of civilization." In modern usage, civilization is often contrasted with uncivilized or less developed societies.

Related Terms

• Urbanization: The process of making an area more urban and developed.
• Empire: A large political entity that governs multiple territories or peoples.
• Culture: The social behaviors, norms, and practices of a society.

Detailed Definitions

Noun

• An advanced stage of human social and cultural development: Refers to societies that have achieved complex government, culture, science, and industry.
  • Example: "The Roman civilization made significant contributions to law and architecture."
• A particular society or group regarded as advanced: Refers to a specific society or culture with developed infrastructure and institutions.
  • Example: "Ancient Chinese civilization is known for its early development of writing and philosophy."
• The comfort and conveniences associated with urban living: Describes the amenities and lifestyle available in developed urban areas.
  • Example: "After weeks in the wilderness, they were eager to return to civilization."