Cynical

Definition

Cynical refers to an attitude or mindset characterized by a distrust of people's motives or sincerity. A cynical person often believes that others are motivated purely by self-interest, and they may be skeptical or pessimistic about human goodness or altruism.

Parts of Speech

• Adjective

Pronunciation

American English

• IPA Pronunciation: /ˈsɪnɪkəl/
• Respelling: SIN-ih-kul

British English

• IPA Pronunciation: /ˈsɪnɪkəl/
• Respelling: SIN-ih-kul

The pronunciation of "cynical" is the same in both American and British English.

Etymology

The word "cynical" originates from the Greek word "kynikos," which relates to the Cynic philosophers of ancient Greece, who believed that virtue was the only good and that people should live according to nature, without regard for wealth, power, or fame. The term later evolved to describe a mistrustful or skeptical attitude toward human nature, becoming part of the English language in the late 16th century.

Derivatives

• Cynicism (noun)
• Cynic (noun)
• Cynically (adverb)
• Non-cynical (adjective)
• Anti-cynicism (noun)

Synonyms

• Skeptical
• Pessimistic
• Mistrustful

Antonyms

• Optimistic
• Trusting
• Idealistic

Usage

The word "cynical" is commonly used to describe attitudes or behaviors that express doubt or disbelief in human goodness or sincerity. It is often used in reference to someone who is skeptical about people's motives. For example: "She was cynical about the politician’s promises," or "He has a cynical view of the world." It can also describe a sarcastic or mocking attitude.

Related Terms

• Skepticism: A questioning attitude or doubt toward accepted opinions or beliefs.
• Pessimism: A belief that the worst will happen or a tendency to see the negative side of things.
• Misanthropy: A general dislike or distrust of humankind.

Detailed Definitions

Adjective

• Believing that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity: Refers to a person who assumes others act in their own selfish interest rather than out of kindness or goodness.
  • Example: "The cynical journalist doubted the charity’s real intentions."
• Sarcastic or mocking in nature: Refers to a tone or attitude that is scornful, often in a humorous or biting way.
  • Example: "His cynical comments made everyone in the meeting uncomfortable."