Rough

Definition

The term "rough" refers to something that is uneven, coarse, or not smooth in texture, surface, or appearance. It can also describe something approximate, harsh, or difficult.

Parts of Speech

• Adjective
• Adverb
• Noun
• Verb

Pronunciation

American English

• IPA Pronunciation: /rʌf/
• Respelling: RUFF

British English

• IPA Pronunciation: /rʌf/
• Respelling: RUFF

Etymology

The word "rough" originates from the Old English "ruh," meaning "shaggy, unkempt, or coarse," and is related to the Proto-Germanic "rūhaz" and the Dutch "ruw." Its usage has evolved to describe physical texture, approximate calculations, and harsh conditions.

Derivatives

• Roughly (adverb)
• Roughness (noun)
• Roughen (verb)
• Roughshod (adjective)
• Rough-cut (adjective)

Synonyms

• Coarse
• Uneven
• Harsh

Antonyms

• Smooth
• Even
• Gentle

Usage

The term "rough" is used in various contexts, such as describing physical texture, estimating values, or explaining difficult conditions. For example, "The table had a rough surface," or "The journey was rough due to bad weather."

Related Terms

• Approximate: Not exact but close.
• Coarse: Having a rough texture.
• Harsh: Severe or unpleasant.

Detailed Definitions

Adjective

• Having an uneven or coarse texture: Refers to a surface that is not smooth or polished, often feeling bumpy, jagged, or gritty to the touch.
  • Example: "The rough road made the journey uncomfortable."
• Harsh or difficult: Describes a situation or condition that is severe, uncomfortable, or challenging to endure.
  • Example: "The sailors faced rough seas."
• Not precise or detailed; approximate: Indicates something that is estimated, general, or not carefully refined.
  • Example: "He gave a rough estimate of the cost."

Adverb

• In a harsh or uneven manner: Describes an action done without smoothness, delicacy, or refinement.
  • Example: "The wood was cut rough."

Noun

• A coarse or uneven area or surface: A physical place or patch that is not smooth, such as on terrain or material.
  • Example: "He fell into the rough on the golf course."
• An approximation or sketch: A preliminary version or draft, not yet finalized or detailed.
  • Example: "The designer showed a rough of the final layout."

Verb

• To make something uneven or coarse: To deliberately create a textured, irregular, or unfinished surface or condition.
  • Example: "The workers roughed the surface for better adhesion."