Without

Definition

Without is a preposition and adverb that indicates the absence, lack, or exclusion of something. It can also mean outside or beyond in certain contexts.

Parts of Speech

• Preposition
• Adverb

Pronunciation

American English

• IPA Pronunciation: /wɪðˈaʊt/ or /wɪθˈaʊt/
• Respelling: with-OUT

British English

• IPA Pronunciation: /wɪðˈaʊt/ or /wɪθˈaʊt/
• Respelling: with-OUT

Etymology

The word "without" originates from Old English "wiþūt," meaning "outside of" or "beyond," a compound of "wiþ" (against, opposite) and "ūt" (out). Over time, its meaning evolved to emphasize exclusion or absence.

Derivatives

• Withoutness (noun, rare)
• Without fail (phrase)
• Without doubt (phrase)
• Go without (phrase)
• Without further ado (phrase)

Synonyms

• Lacking
• Excluding
• Devoid of

Antonyms

• With
• Including
• Containing

Usage

The preposition "without" is used to indicate the absence of something, as in "He left the house without his keys." As an adverb, it can mean outside or beyond, for example, "She waited without the gate."

Related Terms

• With: The opposite of "without," indicating inclusion.
• Outside: Refers to being beyond a boundary or limit.
• Exclusion: The act of leaving something out.

Detailed Definitions

Preposition

• Not having or lacking: Indicates the absence or exclusion of something.
  • Example: "He managed to finish the project without any help."
• In the absence of: Describes an action or situation occurring while something is missing.
  • Example: "She can’t imagine life without music."

Adverb

• Outside or beyond: Refers to being outside a boundary or perimeter.
  • Example: "He stood without the walls, waiting for entry."