Empirical

Definition

Empirical refers to information, knowledge, or methods based on observation, experience, or experiment, rather than theory or pure logic. It is often used in scientific and research contexts to describe data or conclusions derived from practical evidence.

Parts of Speech

• Adjective

Pronunciation

American English

• IPA Pronunciation: /ɛmˈpɪrɪkəl/
• Respelling: em-PIR-i-kuhl

British English

• IPA Pronunciation: /ɪmˈpɪrɪkəl/
• Respelling: im-PIR-i-kuhl

The pronunciation of "empirical" differs slightly between American and British English, primarily in the vowel sound of the first syllable.

Etymology

The word "empirical" comes from the Latin "empiricus," which in turn is derived from the Greek word "empeirikos," meaning "experienced" or "practiced." The term originally referred to ancient physicians who relied on experience and observation rather than theoretical knowledge, and it has since evolved to refer more broadly to knowledge based on evidence and experimentation.

Derivatives

• Empiricism (noun)
• Empirically (adverb)
• Empiricist (noun)
• Empiric (noun, adjective)
• Non-empirical (adjective)

Synonyms

• Practical
• Observational
• Experimental

Antonyms

• Theoretical
• Speculative
• Hypothetical

Usage

The word "empirical" is commonly used in academic, scientific, and philosophical contexts to describe knowledge or data derived from observation or experimentation. It is particularly important in research methods, where conclusions are based on tangible evidence rather than assumptions or abstract reasoning.

Related Terms

• Scientific method: A systematic approach to research where observations and experiments lead to conclusions.
• Data-driven: Refers to decisions or conclusions based on empirical data.
• Evidence-based: Based on available evidence, particularly in decision-making or research.

Detailed Definitions

Adjective

• Based on observation or experience: Refers to knowledge or conclusions drawn from real-world observations or practical experience rather than theory.
  • Example: "The study provided empirical evidence that the new treatment was effective."
• Relating to, or verifiable by experiment or experience: Describes data or knowledge that can be proven or validated through experimentation.
  • Example: "The theory was tested under empirical conditions in the laboratory."