Hardly

Definition

Hardly is an adverb that means "barely," "scarcely," or "almost not." It is used to indicate that something happens to a very limited extent or degree.

Parts of Speech

• Adverb

Pronunciation

American English

• IPA Pronunciation: /ˈhɑrdli/
• Respelling: HARD-lee

British English

• IPA Pronunciation: /ˈhɑːdli/
• Respelling: HAHD-lee

Etymology

The word "hardly" originates from Middle English "hardli," meaning "boldly" or "sternly." It is derived from the Old English "heardlice," combining "heard" (hard) with the adverbial suffix "-lice" (like). Over time, its meaning shifted to emphasize scarcity or minimal degree.

Derivatives

• Hard (adjective)
• Hardness (noun)
• Hardly ever (phrase)
• Hardly any (phrase)
• Hardiness (noun)

Synonyms

• Barely
• Scarcely
• Rarely

Antonyms

• Completely
• Frequently
• Entirely

Usage

The adverb "hardly" is used to express a very limited degree, as in "She could hardly believe her eyes." It is also used in phrases like "hardly ever" to emphasize infrequency.

Related Terms

• Barely: By the smallest amount; almost not.
• Scarcely: Hardly; only just.
• Slightly: To a small degree or extent.

Detailed Definitions

Adverb

• With difficulty or barely: Indicates minimal ability or success in an action.
  • Example: "He could hardly lift the heavy box."
• Almost not or scarcely: Refers to a very limited extent or degree.
  • Example: "She hardly recognized her old school."
• Used for emphasis in a negative statement: Highlights the improbability of something.
  • Example: "Hardly anyone attended the event."