Underground

Definition

Underground refers to something located beneath the surface of the ground. It can also describe covert or hidden activities, as well as cultural or artistic movements outside the mainstream.

Parts of Speech

• Adjective
• Noun
• Adverb

Pronunciation

American English

• IPA Pronunciation: /ˌʌn.dɚˈɡraʊnd/
• Respelling: UN-dur-ground

British English

• IPA Pronunciation: /ˌʌn.dəˈɡraʊnd/
• Respelling: UN-duh-ground

Etymology

The word "underground" originates from Old English "under" (beneath) and "grund" (ground or surface), forming a compound word that literally means "beneath the ground." Its metaphorical uses, such as hidden movements or subcultures, emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Derivatives

• Undergrounder (noun)
• Undergrounding (verb, technical)
• Subterranean (adjective, synonym)
• Overground (adjective, antonym)
• Undergroundness (noun)

Synonyms

• Subterranean
• Hidden
• Covert

Antonyms

• Surface
• Visible
• Overground

Usage

The term "underground" is used in various contexts. As an adjective, it refers to something beneath the ground, e.g., "The underground tunnel connects the two buildings." As a noun, it can mean a hidden group or subculture, e.g., "The resistance operated underground." It is also used as an adverb to describe actions occurring beneath the ground, e.g., "The pipes run underground."

Related Terms

• Subterranean: Existing or operating beneath the ground.
• Metro: A term for underground railways in some regions.
• Subculture: A group operating outside the cultural mainstream.

Detailed Definitions

Adjective

• Located beneath the ground: Refers to physical structures or environments below the Earth's surface.
  • Example: "The city’s underground railway system is extensive."
• Hidden or secret: Refers to activities or movements conducted covertly.
  • Example: "The underground network helped smuggle people to safety."
• Relating to non-mainstream culture: Describes alternative or subversive art, music, or movements.
  • Example: "The underground music scene thrives in urban areas."

Noun

• A system or space beneath the ground: Refers to underground areas, such as tunnels or train systems.
  • Example: "The underground is an efficient way to commute."
• A secret organization or movement: Refers to covert groups or activities.
  • Example: "The underground operated during the war to resist the occupation."

Adverb

• Beneath the ground: Describes the location or movement below the Earth's surface.
  • Example: "The cables were laid underground to avoid damage."